avr flash

The Universal Synchronous and Asynchronous serial Receiver and Transmitter (USART) is a highly flexible serial communication device. The main features are:

通用同步和异步串行接收器和发送器(USART)是一种高度灵活的串行通信设备。 主要特点是：

• Full Duplex Operation (Independent Serial Receive and Transmit Registers)

  全双工操作(独立的串行接收和发送寄存器)

• Asynchronous or Synchronous Operation

  异步或同步操作

• Master or Slave Clocked Synchronous Operation

  主或从时钟同步操作

• High-Resolution Baud Rate Generator

  高分辨率波特率发生器

• Supports Serial Frames with 5, 6, 7, 8, or 9 Data Bits and 1 or 2 Stop Bits

  支持具有5、6、7、8或9个数据位和1或2个停止位的串行帧

• Odd or Even Parity Generation and Parity Check Supported by Hardware

  硬件支持奇偶校验生成和奇偶校验

• Data Overrun Detection

  数据溢出检测

• Framing Error Detection

  帧错误检测

• Noise Filtering Includes False Start Bit Detection and Digital Low Pass Filter

  噪声过滤包括错误的起始位检测和数字低通滤波器

• Three Separate Interrupts on TX Complete, TX Data Register Empty, and RX Complete

  TX完成，TX数据寄存器为空和RX完成的三个独立中断

• Multi-processor Communication Mode

  多处理器通讯模式

• Double Speed Asynchronous Communication Mode

  双速异步通讯模式

These are some of the features of USART, we would now lean to create a program in which we would use Bluetooth technology to open and close a LED bulb. In our program, we would take a variable X, such that if X=A our bulb will glow and if X=B the bulb will stop glowing.

这些是USART的一些功能 ，我们现在倾向于创建一个程序，在该程序中，我们将使用蓝牙技术打开和关闭LED灯泡。 在我们的程序中，我们将使用变量X ，使得如果X = A ，则灯泡将发光，如果X = B，则灯泡将停止发光。

In the similar we can also use a fan instead of LED, then we would be controlling our Fan to start or stop.

同样，我们也可以使用风扇代替LED，然后控制风扇启动或停止。

Program:

程序：

#include 
    
     void usart_string(char*);int main(void){
   	char x;	DDRA = 0x01;	UBRRL= 51;	UCSRB= 0x18;	UCSRC= 0x86;	usart_string("Sam");	while(1)	{
   		while((UCSRA&(1<
    

Explanation:

说明：

• Write all the header files as written above.

  像上面那样写所有的头文件。

• Take a variable X which will decide whether our bulb will be ON or OFF.

  取一个变量X来决定我们的灯泡是开还是关 。

• DDRA=0x01 indicates that the Led bulb is connected.

  DDRA = 0x01指示LED灯泡已连接。

• UBRRL=51; indicates that the baud rate is set to 9600.

  UBRRL = 51； 表示波特率设置为9600 。

• UCSRB=0x18 means R_x and T_x are enabled.

  UCSRB =为0x18装置R _X和T _X被启用。

• The usart_string will print the word written inside it.

  usart_string将打印其中写入的单词。

• Inside the while loop, we have written our bulb glowing condition such that when A is received the LED will glow and when B is received the LED bulb will stop glowing.

  在while循环内，我们编写了灯泡发光条件，以便当接收到A时LED发光，而当接收到B时LED灯泡停止发光。

BAUD RATE

波特率

It is the rate at which the information is processed/transferred to the communication channel.

它是信息被处理/传输到通信通道的速率。

Calculation of BAUD RATE

波特率的计算

Where, fOSC is "System Oscillator Clock Frequency".

其中， fOSC是“系统振荡器时钟频率” 。

Simulation:

模拟：

Explanation:

说明：

• Select the following components:

  选择以下组件：

  1. Atmega16
  2. LED Red
  3. From virtual instruments mode select a VIRTUAL TERMINAL

• Add the components as shown in the figure.

  如图所示添加组件。

• Double click on ATmega16 and make its speed as 8000000 and upload the hex file in it.

  双击ATmega16，使其速度达到8000000，并在其中上传十六进制文件。

• When we will start the simulation a screen will appear that would be our simulation for a Bluetooth screen.

  当我们开始仿真时，将出现一个屏幕，该屏幕将是我们对蓝牙屏幕的仿真。

• Typing A will glow the bulb and typing B will stop the bulb from glowing.

  键入A将使灯泡发光，键入B将使灯泡停止发光。

翻译自:

avr flash